Upon completion of this session, participants should be able to:

• Describe what we have learned about monoclonal development and how that acquired insight guides future monoclonal development.
• Compare small molecules vs. biologics and assess the impact and future of small molecule drugs.
• Identify possible genetic interventions for immunologic diseases. Contemplate important advances and expectations for the future of allergy/immunology treatment.
• Appreciate that the OX40/OX40L costimulatory pathway is important for antigen presentation and downstream t-cell expansion, survival, and effector mechanisms; as a result, this could be a therapeutic target in diseases of type 2 immune activation. Recognize that KIT is essential for mast cell proliferation, survival and activation, making it an attractive target for mast cell-mediated atopic disease. Understand that while germline mutations in BTK can block B-cell development, drugs targeting BTK function are useful to treat B-cell malignancies and autoimmune disease; blocking BTK in atopic disease may prevent B-cell activation, IgE production, and mast cell degranulation.
• Analyze how several members of this family of carbohydrate-binding proteins are selectively expressed on eosinophils and mast cells; this makes them attractive candidates for interventions specific to these cells. Describe how T-regulatory cells are induced by IL-2 to suppress "undesired" immune pathways, and how enhancing the natural function of these cells could be a highly-effective way to dampen the exaggerated responses seen in atopic disease.
• Examine how depletion of IgE-producing memory B-cells with subsequent impairment of new IgE production may be a novel treatment strategy with the potential to "erase" atopic disease. Categorize the class of Aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptors, a fascinating collection of epithelial-based "switches" that can enhance or dampen inflammation depending on the environmental stimuli present (eg, pollution, food, etc).
• List the ways in which advocacy efforts can impact public policy and public health.
• Describe the role that physicians play in shaping health policy- for the benefit of patients and physicians.
• List the current advocacy efforts of the ACAAI, and discuss how allergists can get involved.
• Propose potential mechanisms driving fetal programming of asthma and describe how multi-omic integration can delineate genetic risk for complex diseases. Identify potential mimickers of asthma in young children and consequences of missed asthma diagnosis.
• Apply both guideline-based and novel approaches to managing asthma in pediatric patients.
• Describe up and coming treatments for pediatric asthma and knowledge gaps that exist.
• Describe additional diagnostic considerations for nasal congestion.
• Identify various approaches to medical treatment of non-allergic rhinitis.
• Distinguish from available surgical approaches to manage non-allergic rhinitis.